Investa, Author at InvestaDaily

Paano Mag-invest sa Philippine Stock Market

Paano ba gumagana yung stock market? Paano magsimula mag-invest sa stocks at paano kumita dito? Ito ang mga pinaka-karaniwang tanong na natatanggap nami araw-araw. Sa artikulong ito susubukan namin sagutin ang mga tanong na iyon at ipapaliwanag rin naming kung paano ka pwedeng magsimula mag-trade ng stocks.

Magsimula tayo sa mga pinaka-importanteng konsepto.

Unang-una, paano nga ba gumagana ang isang market? Intindihin natin ito gamit ng pinaka-simpleng halimbawa ng market: ang palengke.

Sa palengke, may mga nagbebenta at bumibili ng mga gulay, prutas, bigas, at iba pang mga kasangkapan natin sa pang-araw-araw. Parang ganito rin ang stock market, pero imbes na mga produkto, mga kumpanya ang binibili at binebenta—oo, mga kumpanya! Sa stock market, pwede ka maging isa sa mga may-ari ng mga kumpanya tulad ng PLDT, Jollibee, Ayala Land, Meralco at iba pa.

Nagtataka ka siguro kung paano makabibili ng ganyan kalaking kumpanya ang isang karaniwang Pilipino. Di ba mahal ang mga kumpanyang iyan? Ang sagot: oo naman! Pero iyan ang dahilan kung bakit hinahati-hati ang mga kumpanyang ito bago ibenta. Tulad ng isang pizza na hinihiwa para maging mas madali kainin, ang mga kumpanya rin ay hinahat-hati sa tinatawag na shares para mas madali bilhin. Kung gaano karaming shares ang mabili mo, ganoon rin karami ang porsiyento ng kumpanya na pagmamay-ari mo.

Halimbawa, kapag isang kumpanya ay hinati sa 10 milyon na shares tapos 1 milyon dito ang hawak mo, ikaw ang may-ari ng 10% ng kumpanyang iyon. Galing noh?

Pero bakit ba nagbebenta ng mga shares ang mga kumpanyang ‘to? Bakit nila kailangan ang pera natin? Ang sagot dito ay dahil minsan kinakailangan nila ng karagdagang pera para palakihin ang negosyo nila. Kung gusto nila gumawa ng bagong produkto o magtayo ng isa pang pagawaan, malaking halaga ng pera ang kakailanganin nila. Kahit malaking kumpanya, nahihirapan pa rin makakuha ng ganoon karaming pera ng mabilisan, kaya imbes na maghintay pa sila ng ilang taon nagbebenta nalang sila ng shares sa stock market. Ibig sabihin nito na kapag bumili ka ng shares ng isang kumpanya, binibigyan mo sila ng pera para palaguhin ang negosyo nila.

Edi paano nga ba kumita sa stock market?

Kapag nakabili ka na ng mga shares o stocks, maaari kang kumita sa dalawang paraan: sa pagtaas ng presyo o sa pagtanggap ng sinasabing dividends.

1. Kita sa pamamagitan ng pagtaas ng presyo

Kapag nakabili ka na ng mga shares ng isang kumpanya, maaaring tumaas o bumaba ang market value o presyo ng mga shares na ito. Depende nalang kung mas marami ang gustong bumili o magbenta ng mga shares na iyon. Ito ang konsepto ng supply and demand.

Halimbawa, kung nalaman ng mga tao na malaki ang kinikita nung kumpanya o kaya maglalabas sila ng bagong produkto, mas maraming tao ang magiging interestado bumili ng shares ng kumpanyang iyon. Kapag mas marami ang mga gustong bumili nung stock pero konti lang ang gustong magbenta, tataas ang presyo dahil mas malaki ang demand kaysa sa supply.

Kung mas marami naman ang gusto magbenta nung stock pero konti lang yung gustong bumili, pwede rin mangyari ang kabaligtaran—bababa yung presyo dahil mas maraming supply kaysa sa demand. Maraming posibleng dahilan para rito, tulad ng mahinang benta, sumabog na pabrika, o kung anumang problema sa negosyo.

Maraming iba’t ibang bagay ang pwedeng makaapekto sa supply at demand. Dahil konektado ang buong mundo, maaaring apektuhan din ng pangyayari sa ibang bansa ang ating ekonomiya, pati na rin ang presyo ng mga stocks sa Philippine Stock Exchange.

Para kumita sa pamamagitan ng pagtaas ng presyo o price appreciation, kailangan marunong kang pumili ng mga stocks na tataas ang presyo. Kailangan marunong ka rin magbenta bago bumaba ang presyo nito. Mahirap man matuto kung paano gawin ito, kapakipakinabang pa rin kasi kapag marunong ka na, walang limitasyon sa mga oportunidad kumita.

2. Kita sa pamamagitan ng dividends

Ang isa pang paraan upang kumita sa stock market ay sa pamamagitan ng pagtanggap ng dividends. Dividends ang tawag sa bahagi ng kita ng kumpanya na binibigay sa mga shareholder o yung mga may-ari ng shares ng kumpanya. Depende nalang sa patakaran ng bawat kumpanya kung gaano karami at gaano kadalas ang pamamahagi nila ng dividends.

Mas simple ito kumpara sa price appreciation, pero wala ka masyadong kontrol sa kita mo. Nakadepende ka lang sa kumpanya. Kung ayaw mo nang masyadong aralin ang supply at demand sa market, pwede ka naman bumili ng shares sa mga kumpanya na madalas magbigay ng dividends. Ok rin ito kasi di mo na kailangan magsikap masyado pero may kikitain ka rin kahit papano.

Interesado ka ba? Eto ang mga kailangan mo gawin para magsimula.

Unang-una, alamin mo kung ano ang pinapasukan mo.

Totoo nga na pwede ka kumita sa stock market, pero pwede ka rin malugi kung di mo alam ang ginagawa mo. Tulad ng pagguhit o pagtugtog ng instrumento, kasanayan din ang stock trading. Huwang mong iisipin na kikita ka lang ng basta-basta kaagad, lalo na kung nagsisimula ka palang. Kakailanganin mong matuto at magsanay para gumaling sa stock trading, kaya huwag kang magtapon lang ng pera. Aralin mo kung paano ang tamang proseso. Hindi sugarol ang mga stock trader.

Kung gusto mo magpraktis pero ayaw mo pa gumamit ng totoong pera, pwede mo muna gamitin ang virtual trading platform namin. Gamit ng platform na ito, pwede mong masubukan ang pagbili at pagbenta ng stocks, pmamahala ng sariling portfolio, at pagsunod sa mga pagtaas at pagbaba ng presyo sa Philippine Stock Exchange—ng walang ipinagbabakasakali na pera. Dito mo mararanasan kung paano nga ba talaga kumita gamit ng stocks, at masasabi mo na rin kung gusto mo tumuloy sa paggamit ng tunay na pera o kung mas bagay sa iyo ang ibang klaseng investments.

Ok rin ang stock market kung gusto mong palakihin ang puhunan mo ng mabilisan, pero di lang naman ito ang nag-iisang opsyon mo. Alamin muna kung ano ng pinapasukan mo bago mo gamitin ang pinaghirapan mong pera.

Pangalawa, maghanap ng stock broker.

Kapag sigurado ka nang gusto mo mag-stocks, ang susunod na kailangan mong gawin ay maghanap ng stock broker. Stock broker o broker ang tawag sa mga tao at institusyon na mayroong lisensya bumili at magbenta ng stocks sa Philippine Stock Exchange. Kung gusto mo maging stock trader, kailangan mo maghanap ng broker na mamimili at magbebenta ng stocks para sa iyo.

Mayroong dalawang uri ng broker: ang mga traditional brokers at mga online brokers.

1. Traditional Brokers
Kadalasan, ang mga traditional brokers ay mga tao na tinatawagan o kaya tinetext kapag gusto mo bumili o magbenta ng stocks. Dahil sa teknolohiya ngayon, karamihan ng mga broker pwede na rin makausap sa Facebook, Viber, at iba pang mga apps. Ito ang karaniwang gamit ng mga taong abala sa trabaho at nangangailangan ng gabay ng isang propesyonal.

2. Online Brokers
Sa online broker naman, kadalasan ito yung mga institusyon na mayroon lang website kung saan pwede ka bumili at magbenta ng stocks para sa sarili mo. Wala ka nang kakausaping tao, sa halip ay pupuntahan mo lang yung website nila at pwede ka nang bumili at magbenta ng stocks. Ito ang karaniwang ginagamit ng mga aktibong trader dahil mas mababa ang bayad sa broker at mas mabilis ang mga transaksyon. Ok ito kung gusto mong matuto talaga o kaya naman kung alam mo na ang gagawin mo. Wala nga lang magpapayo sa iyo kaya kailangan may kaalaman ka na talaga sa stocks.

Pangatlo, magbukas ng account.

Kapag nakapili ka na ng stock broker, kakailanganin mong magbukas ng account sa kanila. Iba-iba rin ang mga pangangailangan depende sa broker, pero iilan lang naman ang mga hinihingi ng karamihan sa kanila:

1. Aplikasyon na naisagot ng maayos (maaari niyo hingiin ito sa opisina nila o kaya sa website nila)

2. Dalawang government ID tulad ng passport o driver’s license

3. Iyong Tax Identification Number (TIN)

Kapag naipasa mon a lahat ng mga ito, hintayin mo lang yung pag-apruba ng account at pagkatapos ay ideposito ang puhunan sa kanila.

Pang-apat, simulan na ang pagtrade!

Kapag nadeposito mo na yung puhunan sa iyong napiling broker, pwede ka na bumili at magbenta ng mga stocks! Alalahanin lamang na di nito ibig sabihin na kikita ka kaagad ng maraming pera. Kung nasubukan mo na yung virtual trading platform namin, alam mo nang kailangan ng oras at sikap kung gusto mo kumite sa stocks. Kailangan mo aralin yung market, tutunan ang tamag pag-diskarte, at tuluyang pagtibayin ang sarili kung gusto mo magtagumpay. Habang tumatagal ka sa stock market, lalo mong maiintindihan ang sarili mo at ang trading style na bagay sa iyo.

Per huwag ka hihinto doon!

Marami na tayong napag-usapan dito, pero palaging may higit pang pwedeng matututunan. Maraming iba’t ibang paraan para mag-invest, kumita, at magtagumpay sa stock market.

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How to Start Investing in the Philippine Stock Market

What is the stock market and how does it work? How can you start investing in the stock market and making money? These are some of the most common questions we receive at Investagrams. In this article we’ll try to answer those questions and give you a step-by-step guide on how to start trading stocks yourself!

Let’s start with the basics of the stock market.

The stock market, as the name suggests, is just another type of market—like a food market where you buy meat and fish! The only difference is that in the stock market, people buy and sell companies like PLDT, Ayala Land, Meralco, and many more. Yup, that’s right! In the stock market, you can become a part-owner of some of the biggest companies in the Philippines.

You might be wondering, “How can a regular person afford to buy such big companies? Isn’t that expensive?” Well, it is! That’s why companies are divided into shares before being sold. Just like how you would cut a pizza into slices to make it easier to eat, companies are divided into shares to make it easier for people to buy. Once you buy a share in a company, you will become a part-owner of that company.

For example, if a Company X is divided into 10 million shares and you own 1 million shares, then you own 10% of Company X. Cool, right?

So why would these big companies sell shares of their business? Why do they need our money? The answer is that sometimes, big companies need to raise additional capital (A.K.A. tons of cash) to grow their business faster. If a company wants to develop new products, conduct research, or build more facilities, it would take a lot of money to fund those projects. Even big companies would find it hard to get so much cash so quickly, so they raise the money by selling shares on the stock market instead. This means that if you buy shares from a company, you are giving them money to grow their business in exchange for part-ownership that same business.

Okay, so how can you make money in the stock market?

Once you’ve bought shares in a company (or a few companies), you can make money in 2 ways: through price appreciation or through dividends.

1. Earning through price appreciation

When you own shares of a company, it is possible for the market value or price of those shares to change over time. Depending on how many people want to buy those shares and how many people are willing to sell them, the price will either go up or down. This is the concept of supply and demand—how many people want to sell vs. how many people want to buy.

For example, if a company announces that it will launch a new product or that it earned a lot of money in the last quarter, more people may want to own a share of that company. If more people want to buy shares but few people want to sell, then the demand will be greater than the supply and the price will go up. On the other hand, if there is bad news about a company like low sales or problems with their factory, then people may not want to own a share of that company anymore. If more people want to sell their shares but fewer people want to buy, then supply will be greater than demand and the price will go down.

This is a simple example, but in reality there are a lot of factors that affect supply and demand. Because the whole world is connected, what happens in other countries may also affect the Philippine economy and the prices of our stocks.

To make money through price appreciation, you must know how to consistently invest your money in stocks that increase in price and then be able to sell them before the price goes down. It takes time to develop this skill, but it can be very rewarding. There is no limit to how much money you can make, and the opportunities are endless!

2. Earning through dividends

Another way that you can earn money in the stock market is through dividends. Dividends are simply portions of the company’s profit that are shared with their stockholders as a benefit of being part-owners of the company. How much and how often dividends are given is up to the company to decide.

This is simpler than price appreciation, but you will have little control over how much money you can make. However, if you do not want to be concerned with analyzing supply and demand, you can buy shares in companies that are known to give out dividends regularly. This would require less effort while still allowing you to earn.

Interested? Here’s how you can get started.

Step 1: Know what you’re getting into

Although you can make a lot of money through the stock market, you can also lose a lot of money if you don’t know what you’re doing. Stock trading is a skill, just like drawing or playing an instrument, so don’t expect to be a stock market wizard right away. It will take time for you to develop your skills and learn how to trade stocks properly, so don’t put your life’s savings on the line unless you have tried and tested your strategies already. Stock traders are not gamblers.

If you want to practice trading stocks but don’t want to risk money yet, then you can try out our virtual trading platform. Using this platform, you can buy and sell stocks, manage your portfolio, and follow price movements of real stocks in the Philippine Stock Exchange—all with zero risk of losing money. You will see what it really takes to make money in the stock market and then be able to decide for yourself if you want to start trading with real money or if you are better off with other investment options.

The stock market is a great option if you want to grow your money, but it is not your only option. Know what you’re getting into before you dive in with all of your hard-earned money.

Step 2: Find a stock broker

If you’re sure you want to invest in the stock market, then the next step is to find a stock broker. Stock brokers are individuals or institutions that are licensed to buy and sell stocks in the Philippine Stock Exchange. If you want to trade stocks, you will need a licensed stock broker to make the actual transactions for you.

There are two main types of brokers: traditional brokers and online brokers.

1. Traditional Brokers
Traditional brokers are usually individual people that you call or text whenever you want to make a transaction. Nowadays, you can even reach some of them through popular messaging apps like Viber, Facebook Messenger, and more. Traditional brokers are great for people who are busy with other things and want advice from a professional.

2. Online Brokers
Online brokers on the other hand are usually institutions that are licensed to buy and sell stocks. To make a transaction, you would simply log into their website and make the transaction yourself. This is sort of the DIY method where you are given the tools to trade stocks, but there is no one to give you advice. This type of broker is usually used by active traders because the fees are lower and the transactions are faster. However, you will need to learn about the stock market and proper trading on your own because there is no one to guide you.

Step 3: Open an account

Once you’ve chosen a stock broker, you will have to open an account with them. Different brokers have different requirements, but most of them will only require a few things:

1. A properly filled up application form, which you can get from their office or website

2. Two valid government ID’s, like a passport or driver’s license

3. Your Tax Identification Number (TIN)

After you submit all the requirements, simply wait for your application to be approved before depositing the capital investment for your account.

Step 4: Start trading!

Once you’ve deposited the money to fund your account, you can already start trading! But remember that this doesn’t mean you’ll make tons of money right away. As you may already know if you tried our virtual trading platform, stock trading takes time and effort. You need to spend time and effort analyzing the market, refining your strategy, and constantly improving yourself if you want to succeed. The more you trade, the better you will understand yourself and what works for you—how much risk you can take, how often you want to make trades, how much money you can afford to invest, etc.

It doesn’t stop there.

We’ve covered a lot in this article, but there’s always more to learn! There are many ways to invest, make money, and conquer the stock market.

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