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Financial Ratios for Beginners

Introduction 

  • What are Financial Ratios? 
  • What are they used for? 

Examples of Financial Ratios 

  • P/E Ratio 
  • EPS 
  • ROE 
  • PEG Ratio 
  • Dividend Yield 

Experienced investors and bankers talk about Financial Ratios all of the time. You may be familiar with a couple of them like P/E Ratio and EPS, but have no idea what picture they paint. Financial ratios are values derived from financial statements to come up with useful information about a company.

The numbers from the financial statements are used to conduct quantitative analysis and assess a variety of things such as growth, profitability, rates of return etc. The information derived from these ratios would help you create decisions and more accurately predict the performance of a stock. 

There are a lot of financial ratios out there, financial analysts and accountants may use every single one of them everyday, but to help you ease into the concept of Financial Ratios it would be best to focus on these five financial ratios: 

P/E Ratio 

This is perhaps one of the best and most used financial ratios. If P/E Ratio seems familiar to you, maybe it’s because it’s commonly shown in the stock’s summary along with other useful information such as the Open, Close, Market Cap, and Volume. The Price/Earnings ratio is used to value a company by comparing its current share price to its per-share earnings or EPS which we would discuss later.

This can be used to compare a company to its historical record. A high P/E ratio signifies a company’s stock is overvalued, meaning investors are expecting high growth rates. Companies that have a net loss do not have a P/E ratio since nothing would be put in the denominator. 

EPS 

EPS is another common financial ratio because it tells us about the company’s profitability. Earnings Per Share is derived by dividing the company’s profit by the outstanding shares of its common stock. A company with higher EPS means that it is considered profitable. Investors consider stocks with higher EPS as stocks of greater value since the company has shown to have higher profits relative to its share price. EPS can be in different forms such as excluding extraordinary items or discontinued operations, or on a diluted basis. 

ROE 

Return on Equity calculates a company’s financial performance by dividing net income by the shareholders’ equity. ROE is a measure of profitability in relation to the stockholders’ equity. An ROE value of a particular stock is good or bad depending on the ROE of similar stocks. The rule of thumb is to

target the ROE that is just above or equal to the average. Growth rates and dividend growth rates can also be estimated ung ROE. 

PEG Ratio 

The price/earnings to growth ratio is one of the more unheard of financial ratios as compared to the ones that I have talked about. The PEG ratio is derived by dividing the P/E ratio by the growth rate of its earnings for a specific period. The PEG is useful in determining a stock’s value while also considering the company’s expected earnings growth. It is considered to give a better picture than just the P/E ratio. The difference between the two is that the PEG ratio adds in expected earnings growth into the formula. It is usually used as an indicator of a stock’s true value. 

Dividend Yield 

This financial ratio shows the amount a company pays out in dividends per year relative to its stock price. This is a very good indicator for investors who are looking to position themselves for the long term. Compared to the other financial ratios, this financial ratio is more straightforward in what the result of the ratio tells us. It is worth mentioning that higher dividend yield doesn’t automatically equate to a good investment opportunity as high dividend yield can be attained by declining stock prices. 

In sum, just like indicators and many investing strategies, different financial ratios are more useful to specific types of investors. These are very useful when making decisions and add an extra layer of thought before going into a position. These tools provide an inside glance at the position of the company you are going to invest on. What technical analysis and fundamental analysis cannot predict may be seen when comparing these financial ratios.


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Unconscious Incompetence Stage: A Superhero’s Journey

This 6-episode series that I will be releasing in Investadaily will be about how we are progressing as a trader based on observations from the journey of high-level traders and by checking how they react in the social media. This is also based on the four stages of competence.

First, we will talk about the infancy stage or the Unconscious Incompetence Stage. I will be calling this as the Superman Stage. This is where most of the traders experience the beginner’s luck and the Superman Syndrome. This is not only experienced by new traders but also veteran traders who seek growth by either trading a new market or using a new strategy. Every time a trader tries something new, he/she will get back to this stage. The difference between a new trader and a veteran trader on this stage is how fast they can get out of this phase.

Common characteristics of traders on the Unconscious Incompetence stage

  • Superman Syndrome

In trading, Superman Syndrome is a highly deadly disease that will kill a trader’s port if not treated. This is where most of the traders vastly allocate their positions, leverage their port and focus on the rewards. They are on a high that they think they are invincible. Most new traders who gained from their first few trades have experienced this while others who have not, either quit or are still finding that euphoric feeling through adding more positions to their losing trades or overly sizing their positions to trending stocks without any plans.

  • Validation

The need to experience the profits and the validation to prove that what they are doing is right is what fuels them during this Unconscious Incompetence Stage. Since the experience is new, there is still doubt at the back of their mind and the only thing to create confidence is the validation from others that what they are doing is right. 

  • Highly Volatile Emotions

A trader who is extremely invested in a trading idea or, for lack of a better word, is head over heels in love with a certain stock is exposed to a very emotional ride. Traders who are constantly deliberating to every comment, group chat or any other type of social media is a big sign that they are still at the infancy stage. Even a superhero is awfully emotional when he is aware of his superpower, how much more a trader who experienced profits just by pressing that buy and sell button?

How will the Unconscious Incompetence Stage end?

Like in any movies, Superman will deal with many challenges including a face to face with Lex Luthor or worse, a comet of Kryptonite. The only to end this is when a trader experiences a big loss or a series of losses that will shatter his confidence.

Like a kryptonite spear piercing on their flesh, they will feel that burning sensation once they see their port turn from green to red. In the movies, we only see Superman win in the end but if you analyze the movie, there were a lot of Kryptonians who perished. Just like in trading, many will quit and will not survive but to win, one must also do what any Superhero did to defeat the enemy.

How to overcome the Unconscious Incompetence Stage?

If you have watched any superhero movies, most of the superheroes overcome their challenges by being humble, assessing what they did wrong and accepting that they simply do not know everything yet. Yes, NO ONE KNOWS EVERYTHING YET.

The problem of traders who are stuck on this stage is that they do not know what they do not know. This is because of Ego constantly whispering on their ear telling them that they are always right and that they already know everything about trading just because of one jackpot trade or a series of winning trades. Only by being humble and starting to understand the basic concepts of trading will traders overcome this stage.

If you are trapped on this stage, my proposal is to humble yourselves and focus on the basics. Even Superheroes need a break and learn the essentials in controlling their power. As Spiderman said, “With great power comes great responsibility”.


Contributor:

Full Name: Jan-Angel Echano
Investagrams username: @Soral

Channels:
www.investagrams.com/Profile/soral
www.facebook.com/soraltrading
www.twitter.com/SoralTrading
www.instagram.com/jan_soral/
www.anchor.fm/soral
www.youtube.com/c/SoralTrading

About the Contributor:
A passionate trader who aims to share the reality, the HOWs and the WHYs in trading. My goal is to help traders and investors like me to continuously improve and refine our skills to the path of mastery.


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How to Overcome Analysis Paralysis

Have you ever experienced an emotional roller coaster ride when it comes to trading the markets? In most cases, most traders have experienced this otherwise. The most common experience for an aspiring market participant is feeling a plethora of emotions before executing a trade; afterward, the trader cannot enact their well-planned transaction.

There are also other occurrences that a trader both undergoes a plethora of emotions before executing an unplanned or impulsive trade while also being unable to perform the said transaction. It’s a double whammy, as they say. The said situations are called Analysis Paralysis

Despite all these similar events that transpire every day, many individuals still think that their system is their main problem. It seems that several traders do not value the aspect of Trading Psychology in their respective systems, thinking that it isn’t mechanical in the sense that it isn’t a buy and sell strategy towards financial assets. 

It is a non-negotiable for aspiring market participants to heed their mentality when performing their trades. Experiencing the Analysis Paralysis is a taxing occurrence, and the solution to the said problem is quite simple, yet many find it hard to do.

Traders should plan their trades during cold hours or outside market hours. Moreover, traders should accept that we won’t grasp every opportunity in the markets as it happens every day. Once you have embraced these facts, you can avoid solely using unnecessary emotions in trading.

Discipline and patience also play a significant role in this step. The trader must follow their trading plan with 100% accuracy and the patience to enact their trades once the opportunity presents itself. The thinking and planning part of this endeavor must be initiated while the said market sleeps. 

Besides mastering your strategy towards the markets, one must start from the premise that the solutions are in your head and not in the market itself. As the say, trading is 80% psychology and 20% methodology.

A market participant’s strategy is nothing if the end-user is perhaps afraid to execute their trades. One must see the financial markets from an objective perspective while eradicating unnecessary emotions that distort your trading methodology. 

Then again, this is easier said than done. It is impossible to learn and accept these concepts right away. Trading the financial markets is a lifelong endeavor that requires an individual to commit their so-called deliberate practice or 10,000+ hours to this craft.

Managing their emotions will take time, but the individual must put in their conscious effort to apply the change. Individuals who accept the inevitable aspects of trading, such as the risk involved and the occurrences that we don’t have control, such as price behavior, do not perceive anything about the markets as unpleasant. To function as a professional trader, the said market participant must align their mental environment this way.


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What is the Best Investment?

IN A GLIMPSE:

Intro

  • We often overlook investing on ourselves
  • Money isn’t the only resource you invest
  • Self enrichment is as important as wealth accumulation 

Body

  • Read a book
  • Pay attention to your Health and Wellness
  • Push yourself to something new
    • Business / Side Hustle
    • Learn a skill
  • Expand your network
  • Hire a business or career coach

Conclusion

  • Improvements will feel just as good, if not better, as clinching that 50% gain in the stock market
  • Don’t overlook yourself, you are more important than your wealth


In our persistent attempts to get out of the rat race, we become fixated on businesses, the stock market, our careers, and many other things. We often overlook investing on the most important asset there is, ourselves.

Stocks, bonds, and real estate aren’t the only things that appreciate over time. Furthermore, money isn’t the only thing that we invest, time and effort are also things that we invest to generate more of a particular something. Self enrichment is just as important as wealth accumulation, but how exactly does one invest in his/her self?

One of the best things that you can do to invest on yourself is to push yourself to new experiences. Perhaps something that you’ve never done before, a fear that you haven’t conquered, making a side hustle, or even as simple as attending a workshop for a particular skill. Pushing yourself to these new experiences and learning makes you feel more in control of your life, and makes you more equipped in your career or business. Not everything can be learned in school or in the workplace. Sometimes you just learn useful things in the most unexpected sources.

Another self investment that could really pay off is expanding your network. Attend networking events, get to know people and make a connection with a variety of professionals in different industries. A lot of business opportunities and jobs never make it to LinkedIn or even on the internet, that is why it is vital that you connect yourself to these people. Maybe you’ll land an awesome managerial position or take part in a startup with the cool people you’ve met. You’ll never know.

If you already have a large network and a wide arsenal of skills and experiences, then maybe the next thing that you can do is to hire a business or career coach. Even the greatest athletes and businessmen have coaches or mentors. Coaches can be useful in identifying more areas of improvement and further increasing the quality of your work. Remember that there is always room for improvement.

Lastly, and perhaps the most important investment on yourself is paying attention to your health and wellness. Miller (2014) mentioned in her article for the National Career Development Association that healthy individuals are more productive and tend to be better in the workplace. After all, you do want to live long enough to spend the money you’ve earned and enjoy the rewards that you worked so hard for.

In sum, investments aren’t just about stocks or the like. Investing in yourself is just as rewarding, if not more, as clinching that 50% gain in the stock market. To put it in investment terms, don’t put all your eggs in one basket, diversify your investments in stocks, bonds, real estate, and most importantly, yourself.

Read the source here.


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What’s all the hype with Cryptocurrencies?

IN A GLIMPSE:

  • What are Cryptocurrencies
  • What is different about it
  • Examples
  • Why is it hyped
  • What method do we recommend
  • Recap on the tips

Everyone is talking about cryptocurrency nowadays. Most investors have bad things to say about cryptos, yet a handful of investors still invest thousands upon thousands of pesos on them. The stigma about cryptos being unstable, too volatile, and widely used by criminals all contribute to why a lot of people stay away from them completely.

Although cryptos are relatively new, the intent behind it is actually revolutionary. In essence,  cryptocurrencies are digital currencies that are meant to be a medium of exchange just like the US Dollar and Philippine Peso. 

What makes cryptos unique is the technology behind it, blockchain technology. Blockchain technology is innovative because it doesn’t require a centralized authority to regulate a specific cryptocurrency. In blockchain technology, everyone has their own ledger that updates automatically.

What’s more interesting about this technology is that it is being recorded with powerful cryptography that makes it very difficult to counterfeit the digital currency.

So basically, cryptos are digital currencies. But why is there such hype about them if they’re just like normal currencies such as USD, PHP, and EUR? Cryptocurrencies are hyped due to their high gains (and losses). To put it in perspective, Bitcoin, the most famous cryptocurrency, was valued at $15 in 2012.

Now in 2021, Bitcoin is valued at around $30,500, that’s about 1.46 Million pesos per bitcoin. Early investors and cryptocurrency miners got rich quickly with Cryptocurrencies. In 2020 alone, Bitcoin from $7200 in January up to $28000 in December.

There are many more cryptocurrencies out there besides Bitcoin, which are called “Altcoins”. Some famous altcoins are: Ethereum (ETH), Ripple (XRP), Litecoin (LTC). Some of these even have greater daily gains than bitcoin itself. Investors with very high risk appetite seem to enjoy the volatility of cryptocurrencies, many of which are Filipino investors. In 2020, the telegram group Binance Filipino was recognized as one of the most active telegram groups around the world.

The simplicity of getting intro cryptos makes it very enticing. Unlike stock trading, which requires a bunch of documents and government IDs, getting into the crypto game only requires an app, an email address, and money. No more banks, no more documents, no more valid IDs. Since many Filipinos don’t have bank accounts, this makes cryptos very convenient, since apps such as Coins.ph, GCash, and PayMaya are enough to be able to cash in and start trading.

However, cryptos aren’t just like casino chips that increase in value greatly. Advancements in technology and familiarity with these digital currencies allow some businesses to already accept payments in cryptocurrencies. Only time will tell if cryptocurrencies will push through to their main purpose as mediums of exchange, and not just cash farms for the hardened trader and cash burners for the newbie trader.

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How To Trade Without Anxiety (Cost Averaging)

Definition 

  • Cost averaging is the method of investing where a certain amount of money is invested in a specific interval over time. 

Advantages 

  • Mitigates Risk 
  • Very Smart way of investing in the long term 

Conclusion 

  • It is asset accumulation 

Additional Ideas:

Investing long term without the anxiety 

Not everyone can time the market as well as the top traders in Investagrams, and not everyone can handle the pressure red candle sticks bring during dumps. Even though there is no absolute risk free method of investing, there are methods smart investors use to minimize risk.

Cost averaging is perhaps the simplest and least stressful approach to investing, wherein the main objective is to accumulate as many shares as possible and stay above the average price to gain profit. 

Cost averaging is a very long term and conservative investing strategy. Instead of investing a lump sum and risking everything all at once with a single pump or dump ready to make you rich or penniless, implementing cost averaging regularly takes portions of your lump sum and invests it in a preset schedule.

Being able to accumulate shares over time at different price points protects your portfolio from the painful losses of sharp dumps. Since Cost averaging is very conservative in nature, it doesn’t benefit as much as other methods from breakouts. It, however, does a very excellent job of preserving your wealth. 

To put cost averaging into perspective, suppose that you want to invest 1M in Jollibee Foods Corp., which is currently 4 pesos per share. If you invest everything in a single price, and that price drops to 3 pesos per share in the following week, you would have already lost a quarter of your capital if you were to close the trade. 

Now, if you were to invest your 1M evenly in a span of 8 months, you wouldn’t have to commit to a singular price that can dictate your capital the next day or so. Investing 125 000 per month, and purchasing as many shares as your monthly budget can afford mitigates your risk and prevents a single price to lift or crush your capital.

Yes, you would sometimes buy an overpriced share, sometimes an underpriced share, but as you accumulate shares over the months, time will do its part and grow your capital. No more FOMO, no more complicated Technical Analysis, no more stress. 

It is important to note that like everything in investing, there is still risk involved in this approach, and that cost averaging isn’t the one size fits all answer for getting rich. Declining markets can still be a threat to your capital even if you follow this approach. 

The cost averaging approach is not for everyone though. Investors who are really thinking long term will find this strategy stress free, easy, and effective. It eliminates confusion during entry and exit, and gives clarity to investing in the stock market by keeping things simple.

Traders with higher risk appetites however, may find this method a bit slow and boring for their liking as they are used to riding trends, anticipating pumps and dumps, and getting in and out fast. Even as such, cost averaging shouldn’t be completely overlooked by traders as this can still be a useful approach to preserving the wealth that they have accumulated over time.


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Featured Trader of the Week: TechnicalsbyBinsoydgreat

We would like to congratulate our featured trader for this week: TechnicalsbyBinsoydgreat a.k.a @puretechnicalsbybinsoy!

Despite frustrations in current market conditions, Binsoy still remains patient, diligently sharing stock updates in his stock picks: $PSE:BSC, $PSE:PHA, $PSE:APL, $PSE:ACEN, and $PSE:PPC . Unlike many traders in the community who have fallen silent during the market’s trip to Chinatown, Binsoy still continues to share his sentiments and expected scenarios.

Binsoy is currently looking at $PSE:MRC, plotting historical support and resistance levels and fibonacci retracement levels, waiting for the perfect time for a re-entry. Binsoy applies the Elliott Wave Theory in his trades. And with $PSE:MRC invalidating the corrective waves, Binsoy changes the game plan and braces for the dip. At present, Binsoy is waiting for a catalyst for MRC and hints at possible consolidation due to decreasing volume.

Binsoy also shared his insights with $PSE:MM after it broke out from the Trendline support and the Darvas box around the 7 peso level down to the 6.6 peso level. Binsoy plotted a key support level around the 6.48 to 6.31 levels, with the price close to hugging the support level. The last candle, which formed an inverted hammer, indicates a possible bounce on the support line. Decreasing volume suggests that the stock is resting from last week’s bullish movement.

ACENatics are covered by Binsoy in his $PSE:ACEN stock update. Binsoy looks at the current pattern as promising, with the Elliott Wave count being obeyed as expected. The bounce on the 5.8 levels after the C wave is very favorable for ACENatics in the community as the price movement, backed with strong volume, shows signs of high demand. A possible Bullish Engulfing pattern can shoot $ACEN up to Binsoy’s resistance 1 at 6.62 or even up to resistance 2 at 7.05 next week should strong demand continue.

Patience to those waiting for re-entry and kudos once more to TechnicalsbyBinsoydgreat a.k.a @puretechnicalsbybinsoy for constantly sharing stock updates and highlighting the available opportunities during these times. And as appreciation to your relentless contribution to our trading community, your 1-Month InvestaPRO is on its way!


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